Merge f297981f0975adac573c184661908756a8c6de12 into 2b4fbfce25902d557b86b003cf48f738129efce4

thx seproDev, bashonly: yt-dlp/yt-dlp#12748

README.md

@@ -3,17 +3,94 @@
 
 youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
 
+
 - [INSTALLATION](#installation)
 - [DESCRIPTION](#description)
 - [OPTIONS](#options)
+  - [Network Options:](#network-options)
+  - [Geo Restriction:](#geo-restriction)
+  - [Video Selection:](#video-selection)
+  - [Download Options:](#download-options)
+  - [Filesystem Options:](#filesystem-options)
+  - [Thumbnail Options:](#thumbnail-options)
+  - [Verbosity / Simulation Options:](#verbosity--simulation-options)
+  - [Workarounds:](#workarounds)
+  - [Video Format Options:](#video-format-options)
+  - [Subtitle Options:](#subtitle-options)
+  - [Authentication Options:](#authentication-options)
+  - [Adobe Pass Options:](#adobe-pass-options)
+  - [Post-processing Options:](#post-processing-options)
 - [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
+    - [Authentication with `.netrc` file](#authentication-with-netrc-file)
 - [OUTPUT TEMPLATE](#output-template)
+      - [Output template and Windows batch files](#output-template-and-windows-batch-files)
+      - [Output template examples](#output-template-examples)
 - [FORMAT SELECTION](#format-selection)
-- [VIDEO SELECTION](#video-selection)
+      - [Format selection examples](#format-selection-examples)
+- [VIDEO SELECTION](#video-selection-1)
 - [FAQ](#faq)
+    - [How do I update youtube-dl?](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl)
+    - [youtube-dl is extremely slow to start on Windows](#youtube-dl-is-extremely-slow-to-start-on-windows)
+    - [I'm getting an error `Unable to extract OpenGraph title` on YouTube playlists](#im-getting-an-error-unable-to-extract-opengraph-title-on-youtube-playlists)
+    - [I'm getting an error when trying to use output template: `error: using output template conflicts with using title, video ID or auto number`](#im-getting-an-error-when-trying-to-use-output-template-error-using-output-template-conflicts-with-using-title-video-id-or-auto-number)
+    - [Do I always have to pass `-citw`?](#do-i-always-have-to-pass--citw)
+    - [Can you please put the `-b` option back?](#can-you-please-put-the--b-option-back)
+    - [I get HTTP error 402 when trying to download a video. What's this?](#i-get-http-error-402-when-trying-to-download-a-video-whats-this)
+    - [Do I need any other programs?](#do-i-need-any-other-programs)
+    - [I have downloaded a video but how can I play it?](#i-have-downloaded-a-video-but-how-can-i-play-it)
+    - [I extracted a video URL with `-g`, but it does not play on another machine / in my web browser.](#i-extracted-a-video-url-with--g-but-it-does-not-play-on-another-machine--in-my-web-browser)
+    - [ERROR: no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info](#error-no-fmt_url_map-or-conn-information-found-in-video-info)
+    - [ERROR: unable to download video](#error-unable-to-download-video)
+    - [Video URL contains an ampersand and I'm getting some strange output `[1] 2839` or `'v' is not recognized as an internal or external command`](#video-url-contains-an-ampersand-and-im-getting-some-strange-output-1-2839-or-v-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command)
+    - [ExtractorError: Could not find JS function u'OF'](#extractorerror-could-not-find-js-function-uof)
+    - [HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required](#http-error-429-too-many-requests-or-402-payment-required)
+    - [SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character](#syntaxerror-non-ascii-character)
+    - [What is this binary file? Where has the code gone?](#what-is-this-binary-file-where-has-the-code-gone)
+    - [The exe throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll`](#the-exe-throws-an-error-due-to-missing-msvcr100dll)
+    - [On Windows, how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube-dl? Where should I put the exe files?](#on-windows-how-should-i-set-up-ffmpeg-and-youtube-dl-where-should-i-put-the-exe-files)
+    - [How do I put downloads into a specific folder?](#how-do-i-put-downloads-into-a-specific-folder)
+    - [How do I download a video starting with a `-`?](#how-do-i-download-a-video-starting-with-a--)
+    - [How do I pass cookies to youtube-dl?](#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-youtube-dl)
+    - [How do I stream directly to media player?](#how-do-i-stream-directly-to-media-player)
+    - [How do I download only new videos from a playlist?](#how-do-i-download-only-new-videos-from-a-playlist)
+    - [Should I add `--hls-prefer-native` into my config?](#should-i-add---hls-prefer-native-into-my-config)
+    - [Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free?](#can-you-add-support-for-this-anime-video-site-or-site-which-shows-current-movies-for-free)
+    - [How can I speed up work on my issue?](#how-can-i-speed-up-work-on-my-issue)
+    - [How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl?](#how-can-i-detect-whether-a-given-url-is-supported-by-youtube-dl)
+- [Why do I need to go through that much red tape when filing bugs?](#why-do-i-need-to-go-through-that-much-red-tape-when-filing-bugs)
 - [DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS](#developer-instructions)
+    - [Adding support for a new site](#adding-support-for-a-new-site)
+  - [youtube-dl coding conventions](#youtube-dl-coding-conventions)
+    - [Mandatory and optional metafields](#mandatory-and-optional-metafields)
+      - [Example](#example)
+    - [Provide fallbacks](#provide-fallbacks)
+      - [Example](#example-1)
+    - [Regular expressions](#regular-expressions)
+      - [Don't capture groups you don't use](#dont-capture-groups-you-dont-use)
+        - [Example](#example-2)
+      - [Make regular expressions relaxed and flexible](#make-regular-expressions-relaxed-and-flexible)
+        - [Example](#example-3)
+    - [Long lines policy](#long-lines-policy)
+    - [Inline values](#inline-values)
+      - [Example](#example-4)
+    - [Collapse fallbacks](#collapse-fallbacks)
+      - [Example](#example-5)
+    - [Trailing parentheses](#trailing-parentheses)
+      - [Example](#example-6)
+    - [Use convenience conversion and parsing functions](#use-convenience-conversion-and-parsing-functions)
+      - [More examples](#more-examples)
+        - [Safely extract optional description from parsed JSON](#safely-extract-optional-description-from-parsed-json)
+        - [Safely extract more optional metadata](#safely-extract-more-optional-metadata)
 - [EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL](#embedding-youtube-dl)
 - [BUGS](#bugs)
+    - [Is the description of the issue itself sufficient?](#is-the-description-of-the-issue-itself-sufficient)
+    - [Are you using the latest version?](#are-you-using-the-latest-version)
+    - [Is the issue already documented?](#is-the-issue-already-documented)
+    - [Why are existing options not enough?](#why-are-existing-options-not-enough)
+    - [Is there enough context in your bug report?](#is-there-enough-context-in-your-bug-report)
+    - [Does the issue involve one problem, and one problem only?](#does-the-issue-involve-one-problem-and-one-problem-only)
+    - [Is anyone going to need the feature?](#is-anyone-going-to-need-the-feature)
+    - [Is your question about youtube-dl?](#is-your-question-about-youtube-dl)
 - [COPYRIGHT](#copyright)
 
 # INSTALLATION

test/test_youtube_signature.py

@@ -84,6 +84,21 @@ _SIG_TESTS = [
         '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
         '0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xxAj7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJ2OySqa0q',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'AAOAOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7vgpDL0QwbdV06sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOS21Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOy1',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/363db69b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpz2ICs6EVdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'wAOAOq0QJ8ARAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8q7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
+    ),
 ]
 
 _NSIG_TESTS = [
@@ -153,7 +168,7 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
     ),
     (
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/c57c113c/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
-        '-Txvy6bT5R6LqgnQNx', 'dcklJCnRUHbgSg',
+        'M92UUMHa8PdvPd3wyM', '3hPqLJsiNZx7yA',
     ),
     (
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/5a3b6271/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
@@ -173,7 +188,7 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
     ),
     (
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/cfa9e7cb/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
-        'qO0NiMtYQ7TeJnfFG2', 'k9cuJDHNS5O7kQ',
+        'aCi3iElgd2kq0bxVbQ', 'QX1y8jGb2IbZ0w',
     ),
     (
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8c7583ff/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
@@ -231,10 +246,6 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/f6e09c70/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
         'W9HJZKktxuYoDTqW', 'jHbbkcaxm54',
     ),
-    (
-        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
-        'W9HJZKktxuYoDTqW', 'larxUlagTRAcSw',
-    ),
     (
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/e7567ecf/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
         'Sy4aDGc0VpYRR9ew_', '5UPOT1VhoZxNLQ',
@@ -259,6 +270,22 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
         'ir9-V6cdbCiyKxhr', '2PL7ZDYAALMfmA',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'W9HJZKktxuYoDTqW', 'larxUlagTRAcSw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/363db69b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'eWYu5d5YeY_4LyEDc', 'XJQqf-N7Xra3gg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'o_L251jm8yhZkWtBW', 'lXoxI3XvToqn6A',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        'o_L251jm8yhZkWtBW', 'lXoxI3XvToqn6A',
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -271,6 +298,8 @@ class TestPlayerInfo(unittest.TestCase):
             ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-phone-en_US.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
             ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-phone-de_DE.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
             ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-tablet-en_US.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
+            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/e7567ecf/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js', 'e7567ecf'),
+            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js', '643afba4'),
             # obsolete
             ('https://www.youtube.com/yts/jsbin/player_ias-vfle4-e03/en_US/base.js', 'vfle4-e03'),
             ('https://www.youtube.com/yts/jsbin/player_ias-vfl49f_g4/en_US/base.js', 'vfl49f_g4'),
@@ -280,8 +309,9 @@ class TestPlayerInfo(unittest.TestCase):
             ('https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflXGBaUN.js', 'vflXGBaUN'),
             ('https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflKjOTVq/html5player.js', 'vflKjOTVq'),
         )
+        ie = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL({'cachedir': False}))
         for player_url, expected_player_id in PLAYER_URLS:
-            player_id = YoutubeIE._extract_player_info(player_url)
+            player_id = ie._extract_player_info(player_url)
             self.assertEqual(player_id, expected_player_id)
 
 
@@ -301,8 +331,8 @@ class TestSignature(unittest.TestCase):
 def t_factory(name, sig_func, url_pattern):
     def make_tfunc(url, sig_input, expected_sig):
         m = url_pattern.match(url)
-        assert m, '%r should follow URL format' % url
-        test_id = m.group('id')
+        assert m, '{0!r} should follow URL format'.format(url)
+        test_id = re.sub(r'[/.-]', '_', m.group('id') or m.group('compat_id'))
 
         def test_func(self):
             basename = 'player-{0}-{1}.js'.format(name, test_id)
@@ -335,12 +365,16 @@ def n_sig(jscode, sig_input):
 
 
 make_sig_test = t_factory(
-    'signature', signature, re.compile(r'.*(?:-|/player/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/.+\.js|(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.[a-z]+)$'))
+    'signature', signature,
+    re.compile(r'''(?x)
+        .+/(?P<h5>html5)?player(?(h5)(?:-en_US)?-|/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9/._-]+)
+        (?(h5)/(?:watch_as3|html5player))?\.js$
+    '''))
 for test_spec in _SIG_TESTS:
     make_sig_test(*test_spec)
 
 make_nsig_test = t_factory(
-    'nsig', n_sig, re.compile(r'.+/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/.+.js$'))
+    'nsig', n_sig, re.compile(r'.+/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_/.-]+)\.js$'))
 for test_spec in _NSIG_TESTS:
     make_nsig_test(*test_spec)
 

youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         'invidious': '|'.join(_INVIDIOUS_SITES),
     }
     _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
-        r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})//(?:tv-)?player',
-        r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
-        r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.js$',
+        r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/(?:tv-)?player',
+        r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias(?:_tce)?\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
+        r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{6,})\b.*?\.js$',
     )
     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
 
@@ -1626,15 +1626,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
-        for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
-            id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
-            if id_m:
-                break
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
-        return id_m.group('id')
+    def _extract_player_info(self, player_url):
+        try:
+            return self._search_regex(
+                self._PLAYER_INFO_RE, player_url, 'player info', group='id')
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Cannot identify player %r' % (player_url,), cause=e)
 
     def _load_player(self, video_id, player_url, fatal=True, player_id=None):
         if not player_id:
@@ -1711,6 +1709,23 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
 
+    def _extract_sig_fn(self, jsi, funcname):
+        var_ay = self._search_regex(
+            r'''(?x)
+                (?:\*/|\{|\n|^)\s*(?:'[^']+'\s*;\s*)
+                    (var\s*[\w$]+\s*=\s*(?:
+                        ('|")(?:\\\2|(?!\2).)+\2\s*\.\s*split\(\s*('|")\W+\3\s*\)|
+                        \[\s*(?:('|")(?:\\\4|(?!\4).)*\4\s*(?:(?=\])|,\s*))+\]
+                    ))(?=\s*[,;])
+            ''', jsi.code, 'useful values', default='')
+
+        sig_fn = jsi.extract_function_code(funcname)
+
+        if var_ay:
+            sig_fn = (sig_fn[0], ';\n'.join((var_ay, sig_fn[1])))
+
+        return sig_fn
+
     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
         # Examples where `sig` is funcname:
         # sig=function(a){a=a.split(""); ... ;return a.join("")};
@@ -1736,8 +1751,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
 
         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
-        initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
-        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
+
+        initial_function = self._extract_sig_fn(jsi, funcname)
+
+        func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*initial_function)
+
+        return lambda s: func([s])
 
     def _cached(self, func, *cache_id):
         def inner(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -1856,15 +1875,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
     def _extract_n_function_code_jsi(self, video_id, jsi, player_id=None):
 
-        var_ay = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?:[;\s]|^)\s*(var\s*[\w$]+\s*=\s*"(?:\\"|[^"])+"\s*\.\s*split\("\W+"\))(?=\s*[,;])',
-            jsi.code, 'useful values', default='')
-
         func_name = self._extract_n_function_name(jsi.code)
 
-        func_code = jsi.extract_function_code(func_name)
-        if var_ay:
-            func_code = (func_code[0], ';\n'.join((var_ay, func_code[1])))
+        func_code = self._extract_sig_fn(jsi, func_name)
 
         if player_id:
             self.cache.store('youtube-nsig', player_id, func_code)
@@ -2136,7 +2149,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     video_details = merge_dicts(*traverse_obj(
                         (player_response, api_player_response),
                         (Ellipsis, 'videoDetails', T(dict))))
-                    player_response.update(api_player_response or {})
+                    player_response.update(filter_dict(
+                        api_player_response or {}, cndn=lambda k, _: k != 'captions'))
                     player_response['videoDetails'] = video_details
 
         def is_agegated(playability):
@@ -2566,8 +2580,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         }
 
         pctr = traverse_obj(
-            player_response,
-            ('captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer', T(dict)))
+            (player_response, api_player_response),
+            (Ellipsis, 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer', T(dict)))
         if pctr:
             def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, query):
                 lang_subs = []
@@ -2584,20 +2598,21 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             def process_subtitles():
                 subtitles = {}
                 for caption_track in traverse_obj(pctr, (
-                        'captionTracks', lambda _, v: v.get('baseUrl'))):
+                        Ellipsis, 'captionTracks', lambda _, v: (
+                            v.get('baseUrl') and v.get('languageCode')))):
                     base_url = self._yt_urljoin(caption_track['baseUrl'])
                     if not base_url:
                         continue
+                    lang_code = caption_track['languageCode']
                     if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
-                        lang_code = caption_track.get('languageCode')
-                        if not lang_code:
-                            continue
                         process_language(
                             subtitles, base_url, lang_code, {})
                         continue
                     automatic_captions = {}
+                    process_language(
+                        automatic_captions, base_url, lang_code, {})
                     for translation_language in traverse_obj(pctr, (
-                            'translationLanguages', lambda _, v: v.get('languageCode'))):
+                            Ellipsis, 'translationLanguages', lambda _, v: v.get('languageCode'))):
                         translation_language_code = translation_language['languageCode']
                         process_language(
                             automatic_captions, base_url, translation_language_code,

youtube_dl/jsinterp.py

@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ class JSInterpreter(object):
             return len(obj)
         try:
             return obj[int(idx)] if isinstance(obj, list) else obj[compat_str(idx)]
-        except (TypeError, KeyError, IndexError) as e:
+        except (TypeError, KeyError, IndexError, ValueError) as e:
             # allow_undefined is None gives correct behaviour
             if allow_undefined or (
                     allow_undefined is None and not isinstance(e, TypeError)):
@@ -1038,6 +1038,10 @@ class JSInterpreter(object):
                     left_val = self._index(left_val, idx)
             if isinstance(idx, float):
                 idx = int(idx)
+            if isinstance(left_val, list) and len(left_val) <= int_or_none(idx, default=-1):
+                # JS Array is a sparsely assignable list
+                # TODO: handle extreme sparsity without memory bloat, eg using auxiliary dict
+                left_val.extend((idx - len(left_val) + 1) * [JS_Undefined])
             left_val[idx] = self._operator(
                 m.group('op'), self._index(left_val, idx) if m.group('op') else None,
                 m.group('expr'), expr, local_vars, allow_recursion)
@@ -1204,9 +1208,10 @@ class JSInterpreter(object):
                 elif member == 'join':
                     assertion(isinstance(obj, list), 'must be applied on a list')
                     assertion(len(argvals) <= 1, 'takes at most one argument')
-                    return (',' if len(argvals) == 0 else argvals[0]).join(
-                        ('' if x in (None, JS_Undefined) else _js_toString(x))
-                        for x in obj)
+                    return (',' if len(argvals) == 0 or argvals[0] in (None, JS_Undefined)
+                            else argvals[0]).join(
+                                ('' if x in (None, JS_Undefined) else _js_toString(x))
+                                for x in obj)
                 elif member == 'reverse':
                     assertion(not argvals, 'does not take any arguments')
                     obj.reverse()
@@ -1364,19 +1369,21 @@ class JSInterpreter(object):
         code, _ = self._separate_at_paren(func_m.group('code'))  # refine the match
         return self.build_arglist(func_m.group('args')), code
 
-    def extract_function(self, funcname):
+    def extract_function(self, funcname, *global_stack):
         return function_with_repr(
-            self.extract_function_from_code(*self.extract_function_code(funcname)),
+            self.extract_function_from_code(*itertools.chain(
+                self.extract_function_code(funcname), global_stack)),
             'F<%s>' % (funcname,))
 
     def extract_function_from_code(self, argnames, code, *global_stack):
         local_vars = {}
 
+        start = None
         while True:
-            mobj = re.search(r'function\((?P<args>[^)]*)\)\s*{', code)
+            mobj = re.search(r'function\((?P<args>[^)]*)\)\s*{', code[start:])
             if mobj is None:
                 break
-            start, body_start = mobj.span()
+            start, body_start = ((start or 0) + x for x in mobj.span())
             body, remaining = self._separate_at_paren(code[body_start - 1:])
             name = self._named_object(local_vars, self.extract_function_from_code(
                 [x.strip() for x in mobj.group('args').split(',')],