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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
AX25-AE350
==========
AE350 is the mainline SoC produced by Andes Technology using AX25 CPU core
base on RISC-V architecture.
AE350 has integrated both AHB and APB bus and many periphals for application
and product development.
AX25-AE350 is the SoC with AE350 hardcore CPU.
AX25 is Andes CPU IP to adopt RISC-V architecture.
AX25 Features
-------------
CPU Core
- 5-stage in-order execution pipeline
- Hardware Multiplier
- radix-2/radix-4/radix-16/radix-256/fast
- Hardware Divider
- Optional branch prediction
- Machine mode and optional user mode
- Optional performance monitoring
ISA
- RV64I base integer instructions
- RVC for 16-bit compressed instructions
- RVM for multiplication and division instructions
Memory subsystem
- I & D local memory
- Size: 4KB to 16MB
- Memory subsyetem soft-error protection
- Protection scheme: parity-checking or error-checking-and-correction (ECC)
- Automatic hardware error correction
Bus
- Interface Protocol
- Synchronous AHB (32-bit/64-bit data-width), or
- Synchronous AXI4 (64-bit data-width)
Power management
- Wait for interrupt (WFI) mode
Debug
- Configurable number of breakpoints: 2/4/8
- External Debug Module
- AHB slave port
- External JTAG debug transport module
Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)
- AHB slave port
- Configurable number of interrupts: 1-1023
- Configurable number of interrupt priorities: 3/7/15/63/127/255
- Configurable number of targets: 1-16
- Preempted interrupt priority stack
Build and boot steps
--------------------
Build:
1. Prepare the toolchains and make sure the $PATH to toolchains is correct.
2. Use `make ae350_rv[32|64]_defconfig` in u-boot root to build the image for
32 or 64 bit.
Verification:
1. startup
2. relocation
3. timer driver
4. uart driver
5. mac driver
6. mmc driver
7. spi driver
Steps
-----
1. Ping a server by mac driver
2. Scan sd card and copy u-boot image which is booted from flash to ram by sd driver
3. Burn this u-boot image to spi rom by spi driver
4. Re-boot u-boot from spi flash with power off and power on
Messages of U-Boot boot on AE350 board
--------------------------------------
.. code-block:: none
U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00033-g824f89a (Dec 21 2017 - 16:51:26 +0800)
DRAM: 1 GiB
MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
In: serial@f0300000
Out: serial@f0300000
Err: serial@f0300000
Net:
Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - be:dd:d7:e4:e8:10
eth0: mac@e0100000
RISC-V # version
U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00033-gb265b91-dirty (Dec 22 2017 - 13:54:21 +0800)
riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 7.2.0
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.29
RISC-V # setenv ipaddr 10.0.4.200 ;
RISC-V # setenv serverip 10.0.4.97 ;
RISC-V # ping 10.0.4.97 ;
Using mac@e0100000 device
host 10.0.4.97 is alive
RISC-V # mmc rescan
RISC-V # fatls mmc 0:1
318907 u-boot-ae350-64.bin
1252 hello_world_ae350_32.bin
328787 u-boot-ae350-32.bin
3 file(s), 0 dir(s)
RISC-V # sf probe 0:0 50000000 0
SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
RISC-V # sf test 0x100000 0x1000
SPI flash test:
0 erase: 36 ticks, 111 KiB/s 0.888 Mbps
1 check: 29 ticks, 137 KiB/s 1.096 Mbps
2 write: 40 ticks, 100 KiB/s 0.800 Mbps
3 read: 20 ticks, 200 KiB/s 1.600 Mbps
Test passed
0 erase: 36 ticks, 111 KiB/s 0.888 Mbps
1 check: 29 ticks, 137 KiB/s 1.096 Mbps
2 write: 40 ticks, 100 KiB/s 0.800 Mbps
3 read: 20 ticks, 200 KiB/s 1.600 Mbps
RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:1 0x600000 u-boot-ae350-32.bin
reading u-boot-ae350-32.bin
328787 bytes read in 324 ms (990.2 KiB/s)
RISC-V # sf erase 0x0 0x51000
SF: 331776 bytes @ 0x0 Erased: OK
RISC-V # sf write 0x600000 0x0 0x50453
device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x50453
SF: 328787 bytes @ 0x0 Written: OK
RISC-V # crc32 0x600000 0x50453
crc32 for 00600000 ... 00650452 ==> 692dc44a
RISC-V # crc32 0x80000000 0x50453
crc32 for 80000000 ... 80050452 ==> 692dc44a
RISC-V #
*** power-off and power-on, this U-Boot is booted from spi flash ***
U-Boot 2018.01-rc2-00032-gf67dd47-dirty (Dec 21 2017 - 13:56:03 +0800)
DRAM: 1 GiB
MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
In: serial@f0300000
Out: serial@f0300000
Err: serial@f0300000
Net:
Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - ee:4c:58:29:32:f5
eth0: mac@e0100000
RISC-V #
Boot bbl and riscv-linux via U-Boot on QEMU
-------------------------------------------
1. Build riscv-linux
2. Build bbl and riscv-linux with --with-payload
3. Prepare ae350.dtb
4. Creating OS-kernel images
.. code-block:: none
./mkimage -A riscv -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x0000 -e 0x0000 -d bbl.bin bootmImage-bbl.bin
Image Name:
Created: Tue Mar 13 10:06:42 2018
Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 17901204 Bytes = 17481.64 KiB = 17.07 MiB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point: 00000000
5. Copy bootmImage-bbl.bin and ae350.dtb to qemu sd card image
6. Message of booting riscv-linux from bbl via u-boot on qemu
.. code-block:: none
U-Boot 2018.03-rc4-00031-g2631273 (Mar 13 2018 - 15:02:55 +0800)
DRAM: 1 GiB
main-loop: WARNING: I/O thread spun for 1000 iterations
MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
Loading Environment from SPI Flash... *** Warning - spi_flash_probe_bus_cs() failed, using default environment
Failed (-22)
In: serial@f0300000
Out: serial@f0300000
Err: serial@f0300000
Net:
Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - 02:00:00:00:00:00
eth0: mac@e0100000
RISC-V # mmc rescan
RISC-V # mmc part
Partition Map for MMC device 0 -- Partition Type: DOS
Part Start Sector Num Sectors UUID Type
RISC-V # fatls mmc 0:0
17901268 bootmImage-bbl.bin
1954 ae2xx.dtb
2 file(s), 0 dir(s)
RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:0 0x00600000 bootmImage-bbl.bin
17901268 bytes read in 4642 ms (3.7 MiB/s)
RISC-V # fatload mmc 0:0 0x2000000 ae350.dtb
1954 bytes read in 1 ms (1.9 MiB/s)
RISC-V # setenv bootm_size 0x2000000
RISC-V # setenv fdt_high 0x1f00000
RISC-V # bootm 0x00600000 - 0x2000000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00600000 ...
Image Name:
Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 17901204 Bytes = 17.1 MiB
Load Address: 00000000
Entry Point: 00000000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 02000000
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x2000000
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Loading Device Tree to 0000000001efc000, end 0000000001eff7a1 ... OK
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x0 - 0x200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.14.0-00046-gf3e439f-dirty (rick@atcsqa06) (gcc version 7.1.1 20170509 (GCC)) #1 Tue Jan 9 16:34:25 CST 2018
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [early0] enabled
[ 0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0xffffffe000016a98 (12267008 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000007fffffff]
[ 0.000000] elf_hwcap is 0x112d
[ 0.000000] random: fast init done
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 516615
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,38400n8 earlyprintk=uart8250-32bit,0xf0300000 debug loglevel=7
[ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] Memory: 2047832K/2095104K available (1856K kernel code, 204K rwdata, 532K rodata, 12076K init, 756K bss, 47272K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] riscv,cpu_intc,0: 64 local interrupts mapped
[ 0.000000] riscv,plic0,e4000000: mapped 31 interrupts to 1/2 handlers
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x24e6a1710, max_idle_ns: 440795202120 ns
[ 0.000000] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 20.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=40000)
[ 0.000000] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.004000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.004000] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.056000] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.060000] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[ 0.064000] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
[ 0.068000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.080000] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.084000] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 0.088000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.092000] TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[ 0.096000] TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[ 0.096000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
[ 0.100000] UDP hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.100000] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.104000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.616000] Unpacking initramfs...
[ 1.220000] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=19 bucket_order=0
[ 1.244000] io scheduler noop registered
[ 1.244000] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[ 1.244000] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 1.248000] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 1.360000] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 1.368000] console [ttyS0] disabled
[ 1.372000] f0300000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0300020 (irq = 10, base_baud = 1228800) is a 16550A
[ 1.392000] console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 1.392000] ftmac100: Loading version 0.2 ...
[ 1.396000] ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: irq 8, mapped at ffffffd002005000
[ 1.400000] ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: generated random MAC address 6e:ac:c3:92:36:c0
[ 1.404000] IR NEC protocol handler initialized
[ 1.404000] IR RC5(x/sz) protocol handler initialized
[ 1.404000] IR RC6 protocol handler initialized
[ 1.404000] IR JVC protocol handler initialized
[ 1.408000] IR Sony protocol handler initialized
[ 1.408000] IR SANYO protocol handler initialized
[ 1.408000] IR Sharp protocol handler initialized
[ 1.408000] IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized
[ 1.412000] IR XMP protocol handler initialized
[ 1.456000] ftsdc010 f0e00000.mmc: mmc0 - using hw SDIO IRQ
[ 1.464000] bootconsole [early0] uses init memory and must be disabled even before the real one is ready
[ 1.464000] bootconsole [early0] disabled
[ 1.508000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 12076K
[ 1.512000] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
[ 1.520000] mmc0: new SD card at address 4567
[ 1.524000] mmcblk0: mmc0:4567 QEMU! 20.0 MiB
[ 1.844000] mmcblk0:
Wed Dec 1 10:00:00 CST 2010
/ #
Running U-Boot SPL
------------------
The U-Boot SPL will boot in M mode and load the FIT image which include
OpenSBI and U-Boot proper images. After loading progress, it will jump
to OpenSBI first and then U-Boot proper which will run in S mode.
How to build U-Boot SPL
-----------------------
Before building U-Boot SPL, OpenSBI must be build first. OpenSBI can be
cloned and build for AE350 as below:
.. code-block:: none
git clone https://github.com/riscv/opensbi.git
cd opensbi
make PLATFORM=andes/ae350
Copy OpenSBI FW_DYNAMIC image (build/platform/andes/ae350/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin)
into U-Boot root directory
How to build U-Boot SPL booting from RAM
----------------------------------------
With ae350_rv[32|64]_spl_defconfigs:
U-Boot SPL will be loaded by gdb or FSBL and runs in RAM in machine mode
and then load FIT image from RAM device on AE350.
How to build U-Boot SPL booting from ROM
----------------------------------------
With ae350_rv[32|64]_spl_xip_defconfigs:
U-Boot SPL can be burned into SPI flash and run in flash in machine mode
and then load FIT image from SPI flash or MMC device on AE350.
Messages of U-Boot SPL boots Kernel on AE350 board
--------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: none
U-Boot SPL 2020.01-rc1-00292-g67a3313-dirty (Nov 14 2019 - 11:26:21 +0800)
Trying to boot from RAM
OpenSBI v0.5-1-gdd8ef28 (Nov 14 2019 11:08:39)
____ _____ ____ _____
/ __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
\____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
| |
|_|
Platform Name : Andes AE350
Platform HART Features : RV64ACIMSUX
Platform Max HARTs : 4
Current Hart : 0
Firmware Base : 0x0
Firmware Size : 84 KB
Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
PMP0: 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000001ffff (A)
PMP1: 0x0000000000000000-0x00000001ffffffff (A,R,W,X)
U-Boot 2020.01-rc1-00292-g67a3313-dirty (Nov 14 2019 - 11:26:21 +0800)
DRAM: 1 GiB
Flash: 64 MiB
MMC: mmc@f0e00000: 0
Loading Environment from SPI Flash... SF: Detected mx25u1635e with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 4 KiB, total 2 MiB
OK
In: serial@f0300000
Out: serial@f0300000
Err: serial@f0300000
Net: no alias for ethernet0
Warning: mac@e0100000 (eth0) using random MAC address - a2:ae:93:7b:cc:8f
eth0: mac@e0100000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
6455 bytes read in 31 ms (203.1 KiB/s)
20421684 bytes read in 8647 ms (2.3 MiB/s)
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00600000 ...
Image Name:
Image Type: RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 20421620 Bytes = 19.5 MiB
Load Address: 00200000
Entry Point: 00200000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 20000000
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x20000000
Loading Kernel Image
Loading Device Tree to 000000001effb000, end 000000001efff936 ... OK
Starting kernel ...
OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x0 - 0x200000
Linux version 4.17.0-00253-g49136e10bcb2 (sqa@atcsqa07) (gcc version 7.3.0 (2019-04-06_nds64le-linux-glibc-v5_experimental)) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Apr 6 23:41:49 CST 2019
bootconsole [early0] enabled
Initial ramdisk at: 0x (ptrval) (13665712 bytes)
Zone ranges:
DMA32 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
Normal empty
Movable zone start for each node
Early memory node ranges
node 0: [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000200000-0x000000003fffffff]
software IO TLB [mem 0x3b1f8000-0x3f1f8000] (64MB) mapped at [ (ptrval)- (ptrval)]
elf_platform is rv64i2p0m2p0a2p0c2p0xv5-0p0
compatible privileged spec version 1.10
percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu @ (ptrval) s28184 r8192 d29160 u65536
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 258055
Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,38400n8 debug loglevel=7
log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
early log buf free: 14608(89%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
Sorting __ex_table...
Memory: 944428K/1046528K available (3979K kernel code, 246K rwdata, 1490K rodata, 13523K init, 688K bss, 102100K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
Tasks RCU enabled.
NR_IRQS: 72, nr_irqs: 72, preallocated irqs: 0
riscv,cpu_intc,0: 64 local interrupts mapped
riscv,cpu_intc,1: 64 local interrupts mapped
riscv,cpu_intc,2: 64 local interrupts mapped
riscv,cpu_intc,3: 64 local interrupts mapped
riscv,plic0,e4000000: mapped 71 interrupts to 8/8 handlers
clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1bacf917bf, max_idle_ns: 881590412290 ns
sched_clock: 64 bits at 60MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511098ns
Console: colour dummy device 40x30
Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 120.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=600000)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
CPU0: online
CPU2: online
CPU3: online
smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
devtmpfs: initialized
random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0x198/0x1d8 with crng_init=0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 16
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
NET: Registered protocol family 2
tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
Unpacking initramfs...
workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=18 bucket_order=0
NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
Key type id_resolver registered
Key type id_legacy registered
nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
io scheduler mq-deadline registered
io scheduler kyber registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x30
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
console [ttyS0] disabled
f0300000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0300020 (irq = 20, base_baud = 1228800) is a 16550A
console [ttyS0] enabled
console [ttyS0] enabled
bootconsole [early0] disabled
bootconsole [early0] disabled
loop: module loaded
tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
ftmac100: Loading version 0.2 ...
ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: irq 21, mapped at (ptrval)
ftmac100 e0100000.mac eth0: generated random MAC address 4e:fd:bd:f3:04:fc
ftsdc010 f0e00000.mmc: mmc0 - using hw SDIO IRQ
mmc0: new SDHC card at address d555
ftssp010 card registered!
mmcblk0: mmc0:d555 SD04G 3.79 GiB
NET: Registered protocol family 10
mmcblk0: p1
Segment Routing with IPv6
sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
NET: Registered protocol family 17
NET: Registered protocol family 15
ALSA device list:
#0: ftssp_ac97 controller
Freeing unused kernel memory: 13520K
This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
Sysinit starting
Sat Apr 6 23:33:53 CST 2019
nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...
~ #
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