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664 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
664 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
LZMA SDK 4.57
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-------------
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LZMA SDK Copyright (C) 1999-2007 Igor Pavlov
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LZMA SDK provides the documentation, samples, header files, libraries,
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and tools you need to develop applications that use LZMA compression.
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LZMA is default and general compression method of 7z format
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in 7-Zip compression program (www.7-zip.org). LZMA provides high
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compression ratio and very fast decompression.
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LZMA is an improved version of famous LZ77 compression algorithm.
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It was improved in way of maximum increasing of compression ratio,
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keeping high decompression speed and low memory requirements for
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decompressing.
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LICENSE
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-------
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LZMA SDK is available under any of the following licenses:
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1) GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL)
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2) Common Public License (CPL)
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3) Simplified license for unmodified code (read SPECIAL EXCEPTION)
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4) Proprietary license
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It means that you can select one of these four options and follow rules of that license.
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1,2) GNU LGPL and CPL licenses are pretty similar and both these
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licenses are classified as
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- "Free software licenses" at http://www.gnu.org/
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- "OSI-approved" at http://www.opensource.org/
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3) SPECIAL EXCEPTION
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Igor Pavlov, as the author of this code, expressly permits you
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to statically or dynamically link your code (or bind by name)
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to the files from LZMA SDK without subjecting your linked
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code to the terms of the CPL or GNU LGPL.
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Any modifications or additions to files from LZMA SDK, however,
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are subject to the GNU LGPL or CPL terms.
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SPECIAL EXCEPTION allows you to use LZMA SDK in applications with closed code,
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while you keep LZMA SDK code unmodified.
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SPECIAL EXCEPTION #2: Igor Pavlov, as the author of this code, expressly permits
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you to use this code under the same terms and conditions contained in the License
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Agreement you have for any previous version of LZMA SDK developed by Igor Pavlov.
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SPECIAL EXCEPTION #2 allows owners of proprietary licenses to use latest version
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of LZMA SDK as update for previous versions.
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SPECIAL EXCEPTION #3: Igor Pavlov, as the author of this code, expressly permits
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you to use code of the following files:
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BranchTypes.h, LzmaTypes.h, LzmaTest.c, LzmaStateTest.c, LzmaAlone.cpp,
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LzmaAlone.cs, LzmaAlone.java
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as public domain code.
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4) Proprietary license
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LZMA SDK also can be available under a proprietary license which
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can include:
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1) Right to modify code without subjecting modified code to the
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terms of the CPL or GNU LGPL
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2) Technical support for code
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To request such proprietary license or any additional consultations,
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send email message from that page:
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http://www.7-zip.org/support.html
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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You should have received a copy of the Common Public License
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along with this library.
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LZMA SDK Contents
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-----------------
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LZMA SDK includes:
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- C++ source code of LZMA compressing and decompressing
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- ANSI-C compatible source code for LZMA decompressing
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- C# source code for LZMA compressing and decompressing
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- Java source code for LZMA compressing and decompressing
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- Compiled file->file LZMA compressing/decompressing program for Windows system
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ANSI-C LZMA decompression code was ported from original C++ sources to C.
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Also it was simplified and optimized for code size.
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But it is fully compatible with LZMA from 7-Zip.
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UNIX/Linux version
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------------------
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To compile C++ version of file->file LZMA, go to directory
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C/7zip/Compress/LZMA_Alone
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and type "make" or "make clean all" to recompile all.
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In some UNIX/Linux versions you must compile LZMA with static libraries.
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To compile with static libraries, change string in makefile
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LIB = -lm
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to string
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LIB = -lm -static
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Files
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---------------------
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C - C source code
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CPP - CPP source code
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CS - C# source code
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Java - Java source code
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lzma.txt - LZMA SDK description (this file)
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7zFormat.txt - 7z Format description
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7zC.txt - 7z ANSI-C Decoder description (this file)
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methods.txt - Compression method IDs for .7z
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LGPL.txt - GNU Lesser General Public License
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CPL.html - Common Public License
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lzma.exe - Compiled file->file LZMA encoder/decoder for Windows
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history.txt - history of the LZMA SDK
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Source code structure
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---------------------
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C - C files
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Compress - files related to compression/decompression
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Lz - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm
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Lzma - ANSI-C compatible LZMA decompressor
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LzmaDecode.h - interface for LZMA decoding on ANSI-C
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LzmaDecode.c - LZMA decoding on ANSI-C (new fastest version)
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LzmaDecodeSize.c - LZMA decoding on ANSI-C (old size-optimized version)
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LzmaTest.c - test application that decodes LZMA encoded file
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LzmaTypes.h - basic types for LZMA Decoder
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LzmaStateDecode.h - interface for LZMA decoding (State version)
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LzmaStateDecode.c - LZMA decoding on ANSI-C (State version)
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LzmaStateTest.c - test application (State version)
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Branch - Filters for x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC and SPARC code
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Archive - files related to archiving
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7z_C - 7z ANSI-C Decoder
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CPP -- CPP files
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Common - common files for C++ projects
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Windows - common files for Windows related code
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7zip - files related to 7-Zip Project
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Common - common files for 7-Zip
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Compress - files related to compression/decompression
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LZ - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm
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Copy - Copy coder
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RangeCoder - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)
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LZMA - LZMA compression/decompression on C++
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LZMA_Alone - file->file LZMA compression/decompression
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Branch - Filters for x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC and SPARC code
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Archive - files related to archiving
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Common - common files for archive handling
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7z - 7z C++ Encoder/Decoder
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Bundles - Modules that are bundles of other modules
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Alone7z - 7zr.exe: Standalone version of 7z.exe that supports only 7z/LZMA/BCJ/BCJ2
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Format7zR - 7zr.dll: Reduced version of 7za.dll: extracting/compressing to 7z/LZMA/BCJ/BCJ2
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Format7zExtractR - 7zxr.dll: Reduced version of 7zxa.dll: extracting from 7z/LZMA/BCJ/BCJ2.
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UI - User Interface files
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Client7z - Test application for 7za.dll, 7zr.dll, 7zxr.dll
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Common - Common UI files
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Console - Code for console archiver
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CS - C# files
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7zip
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Common - some common files for 7-Zip
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Compress - files related to compression/decompression
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LZ - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm
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LZMA - LZMA compression/decompression
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LzmaAlone - file->file LZMA compression/decompression
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RangeCoder - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)
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Java - Java files
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SevenZip
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Compression - files related to compression/decompression
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LZ - files related to LZ (Lempel-Ziv) compression algorithm
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LZMA - LZMA compression/decompression
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RangeCoder - Range Coder (special code of compression/decompression)
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C/C++ source code of LZMA SDK is part of 7-Zip project.
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You can find ANSI-C LZMA decompressing code at folder
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C/7zip/Compress/Lzma
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7-Zip doesn't use that ANSI-C LZMA code and that code was developed
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specially for this SDK. And files from C/7zip/Compress/Lzma do not need
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files from other directories of SDK for compiling.
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7-Zip source code can be downloaded from 7-Zip's SourceForge page:
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/sevenzip/
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LZMA features
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-------------
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- Variable dictionary size (up to 1 GB)
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- Estimated compressing speed: about 1 MB/s on 1 GHz CPU
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- Estimated decompressing speed:
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- 8-12 MB/s on 1 GHz Intel Pentium 3 or AMD Athlon
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- 500-1000 KB/s on 100 MHz ARM, MIPS, PowerPC or other simple RISC
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- Small memory requirements for decompressing (8-32 KB + DictionarySize)
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- Small code size for decompressing: 2-8 KB (depending from
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speed optimizations)
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LZMA decoder uses only integer operations and can be
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implemented in any modern 32-bit CPU (or on 16-bit CPU with some conditions).
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Some critical operations that affect to speed of LZMA decompression:
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1) 32*16 bit integer multiply
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2) Misspredicted branches (penalty mostly depends from pipeline length)
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3) 32-bit shift and arithmetic operations
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Speed of LZMA decompressing mostly depends from CPU speed.
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Memory speed has no big meaning. But if your CPU has small data cache,
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overall weight of memory speed will slightly increase.
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How To Use
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----------
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Using LZMA encoder/decoder executable
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--------------------------------------
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Usage: LZMA <e|d> inputFile outputFile [<switches>...]
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e: encode file
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d: decode file
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b: Benchmark. There are two tests: compressing and decompressing
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with LZMA method. Benchmark shows rating in MIPS (million
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instructions per second). Rating value is calculated from
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measured speed and it is normalized with AMD Athlon 64 X2 CPU
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results. Also Benchmark checks possible hardware errors (RAM
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errors in most cases). Benchmark uses these settings:
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(-a1, -d21, -fb32, -mfbt4). You can change only -d. Also you
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can change number of iterations. Example for 30 iterations:
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LZMA b 30
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Default number of iterations is 10.
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<Switches>
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-a{N}: set compression mode 0 = fast, 1 = normal
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default: 1 (normal)
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d{N}: Sets Dictionary size - [0, 30], default: 23 (8MB)
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The maximum value for dictionary size is 1 GB = 2^30 bytes.
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Dictionary size is calculated as DictionarySize = 2^N bytes.
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For decompressing file compressed by LZMA method with dictionary
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size D = 2^N you need about D bytes of memory (RAM).
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-fb{N}: set number of fast bytes - [5, 273], default: 128
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Usually big number gives a little bit better compression ratio
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and slower compression process.
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-lc{N}: set number of literal context bits - [0, 8], default: 3
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Sometimes lc=4 gives gain for big files.
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-lp{N}: set number of literal pos bits - [0, 4], default: 0
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lp switch is intended for periodical data when period is
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equal 2^N. For example, for 32-bit (4 bytes)
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periodical data you can use lp=2. Often it's better to set lc0,
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if you change lp switch.
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-pb{N}: set number of pos bits - [0, 4], default: 2
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pb switch is intended for periodical data
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when period is equal 2^N.
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-mf{MF_ID}: set Match Finder. Default: bt4.
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Algorithms from hc* group doesn't provide good compression
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ratio, but they often works pretty fast in combination with
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fast mode (-a0).
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Memory requirements depend from dictionary size
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(parameter "d" in table below).
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MF_ID Memory Description
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bt2 d * 9.5 + 4MB Binary Tree with 2 bytes hashing.
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bt3 d * 11.5 + 4MB Binary Tree with 3 bytes hashing.
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bt4 d * 11.5 + 4MB Binary Tree with 4 bytes hashing.
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hc4 d * 7.5 + 4MB Hash Chain with 4 bytes hashing.
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-eos: write End Of Stream marker. By default LZMA doesn't write
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eos marker, since LZMA decoder knows uncompressed size
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stored in .lzma file header.
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-si: Read data from stdin (it will write End Of Stream marker).
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-so: Write data to stdout
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Examples:
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1) LZMA e file.bin file.lzma -d16 -lc0
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compresses file.bin to file.lzma with 64 KB dictionary (2^16=64K)
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and 0 literal context bits. -lc0 allows to reduce memory requirements
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for decompression.
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2) LZMA e file.bin file.lzma -lc0 -lp2
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compresses file.bin to file.lzma with settings suitable
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for 32-bit periodical data (for example, ARM or MIPS code).
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3) LZMA d file.lzma file.bin
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decompresses file.lzma to file.bin.
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Compression ratio hints
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-----------------------
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Recommendations
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---------------
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To increase compression ratio for LZMA compressing it's desirable
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to have aligned data (if it's possible) and also it's desirable to locate
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data in such order, where code is grouped in one place and data is
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grouped in other place (it's better than such mixing: code, data, code,
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data, ...).
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Using Filters
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-------------
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You can increase compression ratio for some data types, using
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special filters before compressing. For example, it's possible to
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increase compression ratio on 5-10% for code for those CPU ISAs:
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x86, IA-64, ARM, ARM-Thumb, PowerPC, SPARC.
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You can find C/C++ source code of such filters in folder "7zip/Compress/Branch"
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You can check compression ratio gain of these filters with such
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7-Zip commands (example for ARM code):
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No filter:
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7z a a1.7z a.bin -m0=lzma
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With filter for little-endian ARM code:
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7z a a2.7z a.bin -m0=bc_arm -m1=lzma
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With filter for big-endian ARM code (using additional Swap4 filter):
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7z a a3.7z a.bin -m0=swap4 -m1=bc_arm -m2=lzma
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It works in such manner:
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Compressing = Filter_encoding + LZMA_encoding
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Decompressing = LZMA_decoding + Filter_decoding
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Compressing and decompressing speed of such filters is very high,
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so it will not increase decompressing time too much.
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Moreover, it reduces decompression time for LZMA_decoding,
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since compression ratio with filtering is higher.
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These filters convert CALL (calling procedure) instructions
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from relative offsets to absolute addresses, so such data becomes more
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compressible. Source code of these CALL filters is pretty simple
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(about 20 lines of C++), so you can convert it from C++ version yourself.
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For some ISAs (for example, for MIPS) it's impossible to get gain from such filter.
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LZMA compressed file format
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---------------------------
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Offset Size Description
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0 1 Special LZMA properties for compressed data
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1 4 Dictionary size (little endian)
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5 8 Uncompressed size (little endian). -1 means unknown size
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13 Compressed data
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ANSI-C LZMA Decoder
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To compile ANSI-C LZMA Decoder you can use one of the following files sets:
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1) LzmaDecode.h + LzmaDecode.c + LzmaTest.c (fastest version)
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2) LzmaDecode.h + LzmaDecodeSize.c + LzmaTest.c (old size-optimized version)
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3) LzmaStateDecode.h + LzmaStateDecode.c + LzmaStateTest.c (zlib-like interface)
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Memory requirements for LZMA decoding
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-------------------------------------
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LZMA decoder doesn't allocate memory itself, so you must
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allocate memory and send it to LZMA.
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Stack usage of LZMA decoding function for local variables is not
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larger than 200 bytes.
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How To decompress data
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----------------------
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LZMA Decoder (ANSI-C version) now supports 5 interfaces:
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1) Single-call Decompressing
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2) Single-call Decompressing with input stream callback
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3) Multi-call Decompressing with output buffer
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4) Multi-call Decompressing with input callback and output buffer
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5) Multi-call State Decompressing (zlib-like interface)
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Variant-5 is similar to Variant-4, but Variant-5 doesn't use callback functions.
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Decompressing steps
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-------------------
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1) read LZMA properties (5 bytes):
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unsigned char properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_SIZE];
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2) read uncompressed size (8 bytes, little-endian)
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3) Decode properties:
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CLzmaDecoderState state; /* it's 24-140 bytes structure, if int is 32-bit */
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if (LzmaDecodeProperties(&state.Properties, properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_SIZE) != LZMA_RESULT_OK)
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return PrintError(rs, "Incorrect stream properties");
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4) Allocate memory block for internal Structures:
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state.Probs = (CProb *)malloc(LzmaGetNumProbs(&state.Properties) * sizeof(CProb));
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if (state.Probs == 0)
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return PrintError(rs, kCantAllocateMessage);
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LZMA decoder uses array of CProb variables as internal structure.
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By default, CProb is unsigned_short. But you can define _LZMA_PROB32 to make
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it unsigned_int. It can increase speed on some 32-bit CPUs, but memory
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usage will be doubled in that case.
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5) Main Decompressing
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You must use one of the following interfaces:
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5.1 Single-call Decompressing
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-----------------------------
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When to use: RAM->RAM decompressing
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Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c
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Compile defines: no defines
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Memory Requirements:
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- Input buffer: compressed size
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- Output buffer: uncompressed size
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- LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings)
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Interface:
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int res = LzmaDecode(&state,
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inStream, compressedSize, &inProcessed,
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outStream, outSize, &outProcessed);
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5.2 Single-call Decompressing with input stream callback
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--------------------------------------------------------
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When to use: File->RAM or Flash->RAM decompressing.
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Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c
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Compile defines: _LZMA_IN_CB
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Memory Requirements:
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- Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
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- Output buffer: uncompressed size
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- LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings)
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Interface:
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typedef struct _CBuffer
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{
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ILzmaInCallback InCallback;
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FILE *File;
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unsigned char Buffer[kInBufferSize];
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} CBuffer;
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int LzmaReadCompressed(void *object, const unsigned char **buffer, SizeT *size)
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{
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CBuffer *bo = (CBuffer *)object;
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*buffer = bo->Buffer;
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*size = MyReadFile(bo->File, bo->Buffer, kInBufferSize);
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return LZMA_RESULT_OK;
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}
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CBuffer g_InBuffer;
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g_InBuffer.File = inFile;
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g_InBuffer.InCallback.Read = LzmaReadCompressed;
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int res = LzmaDecode(&state,
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&g_InBuffer.InCallback,
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outStream, outSize, &outProcessed);
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|
|
|
|
5.3 Multi-call decompressing with output buffer
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
When to use: RAM->File decompressing
|
|
Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c
|
|
Compile defines: _LZMA_OUT_READ
|
|
Memory Requirements:
|
|
- Input buffer: compressed size
|
|
- Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
|
|
- LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings)
|
|
- LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in stream properties)
|
|
|
|
Interface:
|
|
|
|
state.Dictionary = (unsigned char *)malloc(state.Properties.DictionarySize);
|
|
|
|
LzmaDecoderInit(&state);
|
|
do
|
|
{
|
|
LzmaDecode(&state,
|
|
inBuffer, inAvail, &inProcessed,
|
|
g_OutBuffer, outAvail, &outProcessed);
|
|
inAvail -= inProcessed;
|
|
inBuffer += inProcessed;
|
|
}
|
|
while you need more bytes
|
|
|
|
see LzmaTest.c for more details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.4 Multi-call decompressing with input callback and output buffer
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
When to use: File->File decompressing
|
|
Compile files: LzmaDecode.h, LzmaDecode.c
|
|
Compile defines: _LZMA_IN_CB, _LZMA_OUT_READ
|
|
Memory Requirements:
|
|
- Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
|
|
- Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
|
|
- LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings)
|
|
- LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in stream properties)
|
|
|
|
Interface:
|
|
|
|
state.Dictionary = (unsigned char *)malloc(state.Properties.DictionarySize);
|
|
|
|
LzmaDecoderInit(&state);
|
|
do
|
|
{
|
|
LzmaDecode(&state,
|
|
&bo.InCallback,
|
|
g_OutBuffer, outAvail, &outProcessed);
|
|
}
|
|
while you need more bytes
|
|
|
|
see LzmaTest.c for more details:
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.5 Multi-call State Decompressing (zlib-like interface)
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
When to use: file->file decompressing
|
|
Compile files: LzmaStateDecode.h, LzmaStateDecode.c
|
|
Compile defines:
|
|
Memory Requirements:
|
|
- Buffer for input stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
|
|
- Buffer for output stream: any size (for example, 16 KB)
|
|
- LZMA Internal Structures (~16 KB for default settings)
|
|
- LZMA dictionary (dictionary size is encoded in stream properties)
|
|
|
|
Interface:
|
|
|
|
state.Dictionary = (unsigned char *)malloc(state.Properties.DictionarySize);
|
|
|
|
|
|
LzmaDecoderInit(&state);
|
|
do
|
|
{
|
|
res = LzmaDecode(&state,
|
|
inBuffer, inAvail, &inProcessed,
|
|
g_OutBuffer, outAvail, &outProcessed,
|
|
finishDecoding);
|
|
inAvail -= inProcessed;
|
|
inBuffer += inProcessed;
|
|
}
|
|
while you need more bytes
|
|
|
|
see LzmaStateTest.c for more details:
|
|
|
|
|
|
6) Free all allocated blocks
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note
|
|
----
|
|
LzmaDecodeSize.c is size-optimized version of LzmaDecode.c.
|
|
But compiled code of LzmaDecodeSize.c can be larger than
|
|
compiled code of LzmaDecode.c. So it's better to use
|
|
LzmaDecode.c in most cases.
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXIT codes
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
LZMA decoder can return one of the following codes:
|
|
|
|
#define LZMA_RESULT_OK 0
|
|
#define LZMA_RESULT_DATA_ERROR 1
|
|
|
|
If you use callback function for input data and you return some
|
|
error code, LZMA Decoder also returns that code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LZMA Defines
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
_LZMA_IN_CB - Use callback for input data
|
|
|
|
_LZMA_OUT_READ - Use read function for output data
|
|
|
|
_LZMA_LOC_OPT - Enable local speed optimizations inside code.
|
|
_LZMA_LOC_OPT is only for LzmaDecodeSize.c (size-optimized version).
|
|
_LZMA_LOC_OPT doesn't affect LzmaDecode.c (speed-optimized version)
|
|
and LzmaStateDecode.c
|
|
|
|
_LZMA_PROB32 - It can increase speed on some 32-bit CPUs,
|
|
but memory usage will be doubled in that case
|
|
|
|
_LZMA_UINT32_IS_ULONG - Define it if int is 16-bit on your compiler
|
|
and long is 32-bit.
|
|
|
|
_LZMA_SYSTEM_SIZE_T - Define it if you want to use system's size_t.
|
|
You can use it to enable 64-bit sizes supporting
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C++ LZMA Encoder/Decoder
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
C++ LZMA code use COM-like interfaces. So if you want to use it,
|
|
you can study basics of COM/OLE.
|
|
|
|
By default, LZMA Encoder contains all Match Finders.
|
|
But for compressing it's enough to have just one of them.
|
|
So for reducing size of compressing code you can define:
|
|
#define COMPRESS_MF_BT
|
|
#define COMPRESS_MF_BT4
|
|
and it will use only bt4 match finder.
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
http://www.7-zip.org
|
|
http://www.7-zip.org/support.html
|