doc: update and fix Qemu MIPS documentation
Update description to use the MIPS Malta board for Qemu. Signed-off-by: Daniel Schwierzeck <daniel.schwierzeck@gmail.com>
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Daniel Schwierzeck
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
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.. sectionauthor:: Vlad Lungu <vlad.lungu@windriver.com>
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.. sectionauthor:: Daniel Schwierzeck <daniel.schwierzeck@gmail.com>
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QEMU MIPS
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=========
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Qemu is a full system emulator. See http://www.nongnu.org/qemu/
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Qemu for MIPS is based on the MIPS Malta board. The built Malta U-Boot
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images can be used for Qemu and on physical hardware. The Malta board
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supports all combinations of Little and Big Endian as well as 32 bit
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and 64 bit.
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Limitations & comments
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----------------------
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Supports the "-M mips" configuration of qemu: serial,NE2000,IDE.
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Supports little and big endian as well as 32 bit and 64 bit.
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Derived from au1x00 with a lot of things cut out.
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Supports emulated flash (patch Jean-Christophe PLAGNIOL-VILLARD) with
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recent qemu versions. When using emulated flash, launch with
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-pflash <filename> and erase mips_bios.bin.
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Notes for the Qemu MIPS port
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----------------------------
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The memory size for Qemu is hard-coded to 256 MiB. For Malta Little Endian
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targets an extra endianness swapped image named *u-boot-swap.bin* is
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generated and required for Qemu.
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Example usage
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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-------------
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Using u-boot.bin as ROM (replaces Qemu monitor):
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32 bit, big endian
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Build for 32 bit, big endian:
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.. code-block:: bash
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make qemu_mips_defconfig
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qemu-system-mips -M mips -bios u-boot.bin -nographic
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make malta_defconfig
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make
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UBOOT_BIN=u-boot.bin
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QEMU_BIN=qemu-system-mips
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QEMU_CPU=24Kc
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32 bit, little endian
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Build for 32 bit, little endian:
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.. code-block:: bash
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make qemu_mipsel_defconfig
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qemu-system-mipsel -M mips -bios u-boot.bin -nographic
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make maltael_defconfig
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make
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UBOOT_BIN=u-boot-swap.bin
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QEMU_BIN=qemu-system-mipsel
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QEMU_CPU=24Kc
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64 bit, big endian
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Build for 64 bit, big endian:
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.. code-block:: bash
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make qemu_mips64_defconfig
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qemu-system-mips64 -cpu MIPS64R2-generic -M mips -bios u-boot.bin -nographic
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make malta64_defconfig
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make
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UBOOT_BIN=u-boot.bin
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QEMU_BIN=qemu-system-mips64
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QEMU_CPU=MIPS64R2-generic
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64 bit, little endian
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Build for 64 bit, little endian:
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.. code-block:: bash
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make qemu_mips64el_defconfig
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qemu-system-mips64el -cpu MIPS64R2-generic -M mips -bios u-boot.bin -nographic
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make malta64el_defconfig
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make
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UBOOT_BIN=u-boot-swap.bin
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QEMU_BIN=qemu-system-mips64el
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QEMU_CPU=MIPS64R2-generic
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or using u-boot.bin from emulated flash:
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if you use a QEMU version after commit 4224
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Generate NOR flash image with U-Boot binary:
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.. code-block:: bash
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# create image:
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dd of=flash bs=1k count=4k if=/dev/zero
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dd of=flash bs=1k conv=notrunc if=u-boot.bin
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# start it (see above):
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qemu-system-mips[64][el] [-cpu MIPS64R2-generic] -M mips -pflash flash -nographic
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dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4 | tr '\000' '\377' > pflash.img
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dd if=${UBOOT_BIN} of=pflash.img conv=notrunc
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Download kernel + initrd
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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On ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/contrib/Jean-Christophe_Plagniol-Villard/qemu_mips/
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you can downland::
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#config to build the kernel
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qemu_mips_defconfig
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#patch to fix mips interrupt init on 2.6.24.y kernel
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qemu_mips_kernel.patch
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initrd.gz
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vmlinux
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vmlinux.bin
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System.map
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Generate uImage
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Start Qemu:
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.. code-block:: bash
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tools/mkimage -A mips -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -a 0x80010000 -e 0x80245650 -n "Linux 2.6.24.y" -d vmlinux.bin.gz uImage
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Copy uImage to Flash
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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mkdir tftproot
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${QEMU_BIN} -nographic -cpu ${QEMU_CPU} -m 256 -drive if=pflash,file="$(pwd)/pflash.img",format=raw -netdev user,id=net0,tftp="$(pwd)/tftproot" -device pcnet,netdev=net0
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.. code-block:: bash
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dd if=uImage bs=1k conv=notrunc seek=224 of=flash
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U-Boot 2021.04-00963-g60279a2b1d (Apr 21 2021 - 19:54:32 +0200)
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Generate Ide Disk
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. code-block:: bash
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dd of=ide bs=1k count=100k if=/dev/zero
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# Create partion table
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sudo sfdisk ide << EOF
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label: dos
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label-id: 0x6fe3a999
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device: image
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unit: sectors
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image1 : start= 63, size= 32067, Id=83
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image2 : start= 32130, size= 32130, Id=83
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image3 : start= 64260, size= 4128705, Id=83
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EOF
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Copy to ide
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. code-block:: bash
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dd if=uImage bs=512 conv=notrunc seek=63 of=ide
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Generate ext2 on part 2 on Copy uImage and initrd.gz
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. code-block:: bash
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# Attached as loop device ide offset = 32130 * 512
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sudo losetup -o 16450560 /dev/loop0 ide
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# Format as ext2 ( arg2 : nb blocks)
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sudo mkfs.ext2 /dev/loop0 16065
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sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
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# Mount and copy uImage and initrd.gz to it
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sudo mount -o loop,offset=16450560 -t ext2 ide /mnt
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sudo mkdir /mnt/boot
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cp {initrd.gz,uImage} /mnt/boot/
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# Umount it
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sudo umount /mnt
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Set Environment
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. code-block:: bash
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setenv rd_start 0x80800000
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setenv rd_size 2663940
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setenv kernel BFC38000
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setenv oad_addr 80500000
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setenv load_addr2 80F00000
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setenv kernel_flash BFC38000
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setenv load_addr_hello 80200000
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setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/ram0 init=/bin/sh'
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setenv load_rd_ext2 'ide res; ext2load ide 0:2 ${rd_start} /boot/initrd.gz'
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setenv load_rd_tftp 'tftp ${rd_start} /initrd.gz'
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setenv load_kernel_hda 'ide res; diskboot ${load_addr} 0:2'
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setenv load_kernel_ext2 'ide res; ext2load ide 0:2 ${load_addr} /boot/uImage'
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setenv load_kernel_tftp 'tftp ${load_addr} /qemu_mips/uImage'
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setenv boot_ext2_ext2 'run load_rd_ext2; run load_kernel_ext2; run addmisc; bootm ${load_addr}'
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setenv boot_ext2_flash 'run load_rd_ext2; run addmisc; bootm ${kernel_flash}'
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setenv boot_ext2_hda 'run load_rd_ext2; run load_kernel_hda; run addmisc; bootm ${load_addr}'
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setenv boot_ext2_tftp 'run load_rd_ext2; run load_kernel_tftp; run addmisc; bootm ${load_addr}'
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setenv boot_tftp_hda 'run load_rd_tftp; run load_kernel_hda; run addmisc; bootm ${load_addr}'
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setenv boot_tftp_ext2 'run load_rd_tftp; run load_kernel_ext2; run addmisc; bootm ${load_addr}'
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setenv boot_tftp_flash 'run load_rd_tftp; run addmisc; bootm ${kernel_flash}'
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setenv boot_tftp_tftp 'run load_rd_tftp; run load_kernel_tftp; run addmisc; bootm ${load_addr}'
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setenv load_hello_tftp 'tftp ${load_addr_hello} /examples/hello_world.bin'
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setenv go_tftp 'run load_hello_tftp; go ${load_addr_hello}'
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setenv addmisc 'setenv bootargs ${bootargs} console=ttyS0,${baudrate} rd_start=${rd_start} rd_size=${rd_size} ethaddr=${ethaddr}'
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setenv bootcmd 'run boot_tftp_flash'
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Now you can boot from flash, ide, ide+ext2 and tfp
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.. code-block:: bash
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qemu-system-mips -M mips -pflash flash -monitor null -nographic -net nic -net user -tftp `pwd` -hda ide
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Board: MIPS Malta CoreLV
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DRAM: 256 MiB
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Flash: 4 MiB
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Loading Environment from Flash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
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In: serial@3f8
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Out: serial@3f8
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Err: serial@3f8
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Net: pcnet#0
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IDE: Bus 0: not available
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maltael #
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How to debug U-Boot
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-------------------
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In order to debug U-Boot you need to start qemu with gdb server support (-s)
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and waiting the connection to start the CPU (-S)
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and waiting the connection to start the CPU (-S). Start Qemu in the first console:
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.. code-block:: bash
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qemu-system-mips -S -s -M mips -pflash flash -monitor null -nographic -net nic -net user -tftp `pwd` -hda ide
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mkdir tftproot
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${QEMU_BIN} -s -S -nographic -cpu ${QEMU_CPU} -m 256 -drive if=pflash,file="$(pwd)/pflash.img",format=raw -netdev user,id=net0,tftp="$(pwd)/tftproot" -device pcnet,netdev=net0
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in an other console you start gdb
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In the second console start gdb:
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Debugging of U-Boot Before Relocation
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. code-block:: bash
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Before relocation, the addresses in the ELF file can be used without any problems
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by connecting to the gdb server localhost:1234
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gdb-multiarch --eval-command "target remote :1234" u-boot
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.. code-block:: none
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu-gdb u-boot
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GNU gdb 6.6
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Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
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welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
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Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
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There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
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This GDB was configured as "--host=i486-linux-gnu --target=mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu"...
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(gdb) target remote localhost:1234
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Remote debugging using localhost:1234
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_start () at start.S:64
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64 RVECENT(reset,0) /* U-Boot entry point */
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Current language: auto; currently asm
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(gdb) b board.c:289
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Breakpoint 1 at 0xbfc00cc8: file board.c, line 289.
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(gdb) c
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Continuing.
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GNU gdb (Ubuntu 9.2-0ubuntu1~20.04) 9.2
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Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
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This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".
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Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
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For bug reporting instructions, please see:
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<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
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Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
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<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
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Breakpoint 1, board_init_f (bootflag=<value optimized out>) at board.c:290
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290 relocate_code (addr_sp, id, addr);
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Current language: auto; currently c
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(gdb) p/x addr
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$1 = 0x87fa0000
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Debugging of U-Boot After Relocation
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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For debugging U-Boot after relocation we need to know the address to which
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U-Boot relocates itself to 0x87fa0000 by default.
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And replace the symbol table to this offset.
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.. code-block:: none
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(gdb) symbol-file
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Discard symbol table from `/private/u-boot-arm/u-boot'? (y or n) y
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Error in re-setting breakpoint 1:
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No symbol table is loaded. Use the "file" command.
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No symbol file now.
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(gdb) add-symbol-file u-boot 0x87fa0000
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add symbol table from file "u-boot" at
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.text_addr = 0x87fa0000
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(y or n) y
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Reading symbols from /private/u-boot-arm/u-boot...done.
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Breakpoint 1 at 0x87fa0cc8: file board.c, line 289.
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(gdb) c
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Continuing.
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Program received signal SIGINT, Interrupt.
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0xffffffff87fa0de4 in udelay (usec=<value optimized out>) at time.c:78
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78 while ((tmo - read_c0_count()) < 0x7fffffff)
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For help, type "help".
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Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
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Reading symbols from u-boot...
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Remote debugging using :1234
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0xbfc00000 in ?? ()
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(gdb) c
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Continuing.
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