Lockdep complains about being in atomic context while freeing line
metadata - and rightly so as we take a spinlock and end up calling
vfree that might sleep(in pblk_mfree).
There is no need for holding the line manager free_lock while
freeing line metadata as the pipeline as stopped, so remove the lock.
Fixes: 588726d3ec ("lightnvm: pblk: fail gracefully on irrec. error")
Signed-off-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Print the CRC of the logical-to-physical mapping during exit and
after recovering the L2P table to facilitate detection of meta
data corruption/recovery issues.
The CRC printed after recovery should match the CRC printed during
the previous exit - if it doesn't this indicates that either the meta
data written to the disk is corrupt or recovery failed.
Signed-off-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Start GC if needed, directly after init, as we might
need to garbage collect in order to make room for user writes.
Create a helper function that allows to kick GC without exposing the
internals of the GC/rate-limiter interaction.
Signed-off-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
When rebuilding the L2P table, any full lines (lines without any
valid sectors) will be identified. If these lines are not freed,
we risk not being able to allocate the first data line.
This patch refactors the part of GC that frees empty lines
into a separate function and adds a call to this after the
L2P table has been rebuilt.
Signed-off-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
GC can be kicked after it has been shut down when closing the last
line during exit, resulting in accesses to freed structures.
Make sure that GC is not triggered while it is not operational.
Also make sure that GC won't be re-activated during exit when
running on another processor by using timer_del_sync.
Signed-off-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
pblk_line_gc_list seems to had a bug since the introduction of pblk in
getting GC list for a line. In b20ba1bc7 while redesigning the GC
algorithm, the naming for the GC thresholds was altered, but the
values for high_thrs and mid_thrs were not. The result is that when
moving to the GC lists, the mid threshold is never evaluated.
Fixes: a4bd217b4("lightnvm: physical block device (pblk) target")
Signed-off-by: Rakesh Pandit <rakesh@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Make sure that the variable controlling block threshold for allocating
extra metadata sectors in case of a line with bad blocks does not get a
negative value. Otherwise, the line will be marked as corrupted and
wasted.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Metadata I/Os are scheduled to minimize their impact on user data I/Os.
When there are enough LUNs instantiated (i.e., enough bandwidth), it is
easy to interleave metadata and data one after the other so that
metadata I/Os are the ones being blocked and not vice-versa.
We do this by calculating the distance between the I/Os in terms of the
LUNs that are not in used, and selecting a free LUN that satisfies a
the simple heuristic that metadata is scheduled behind. The per-LUN
semaphores guarantee consistency. This works fine on >1 LUN
configuration. However, when a single LUN is instantiated, this design
leads to a deadlock, where metadata waits to be scheduled on a free LUN.
This patch implements the 1 LUN case by simply scheduling the metadada
I/O after the data I/O. In the process, we refactor the way a line is
replaced to ensure that metadata writes are submitted after data writes
in order to guarantee block sequentiality. Note that, since there is
only one LUN, both I/Os will block each other by design. However, such
configuration only pursues tight read latencies, not write bandwidth.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
When a line is recycled during garbage collection, reads can still be
issued to the line. If the line is freed in the middle of this process,
data corruption might occur.
This patch guarantees that lines are not freed in the middle of reads
that target them (lines). Specifically, we use the existing line
reference to decide when a line is eligible for being freed after the
recycle process.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
pblk holds two sector bitmaps: one to keep track of the mapped sectors
while the line is active and another one to keep track of the invalid
sectors. The latter is kept during the whole live of the line, until it
is recycled. Since we cannot guarantee forward progress for the mempool
in this case, get rid of the mempool and simply allocate memory through
kmalloc.
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Since read and erase paths offer different guarantees for inflight I/Os,
separate the mempools to set the right min_nr for each on creation.
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
In pblk, we have a mempool to allocate a generic structure that we
pass along workqueues. This is heavily used in the GC path in order
to have enough inflight reads and fully utilize the GC bandwidth.
However, the current GC path copies data to the host memory and puts it
back into the write buffer. This requires a vmalloc allocation for the
data and a memory copy. Thus, guaranteeing the allocation by using a
mempool for the structure in itself does not give us much. Until we
implement support for vector copy to avoid moving data through the host,
just allocate the workqueue structure using kmalloc.
This allows us to have a much smaller mempool.
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
pblk uses an internal page mempool for allocating pages on internal
bios. The main two users of this memory pool are partial reads (reads
with some sectors in cache and some on media) and padded writes, which
need to add dummy pages to an existing bio already containing valid
data (and with a large enough bioset allocated). In both cases, the
maximum number of pages per bio is defined by the maximum number of
physical sectors supported by the underlying device.
This patch fixes a bad mempool allocation, where the min_nr of elements
on the pool was fixed (to 16), which is lower than the maximum number
of sectors supported by NVMe (as of the time for this patch). Instead,
use the maximum number of allowed sectors reported by the device.
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
On low LUN configurations, make sure not to send bios that are bigger
than the buffer size.
Fixes: a4bd217b43 ("lightnvm: physical block device (pblk) target")
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
This usually happens if we are developing with qemu and ll2pmode has
default value. Improve description.
Signed-off-by: Rakesh Pandit <rakesh@tuxera.com>
Reviewed-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Use appropriate memory free calls based on allocation type used and
also fix number of times free is called if kmalloc fails.
Signed-off-by: Rakesh Pandit <rakesh@tuxera.com>
Reviewed-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
If target type module e.g. pblk here is unloaded (rmmod) while module
is in use (after creating target) system crashes. We fix this by
using module API refcnt.
Signed-off-by: Rakesh Pandit <rakesh@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <m@bjorling.me>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Add a sanity check to the pblk initialization sequence in order to
ensure that enough LUNs have been allocated to store the line metadata.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
When removing a pblk instance, pad the current line using asynchronous
I/O. This reduces the removal time from ~1 minute in the worst case to a
couple of seconds.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Prevent pblk->lines being double freed in case of an error during pblk
initialization.
Fixes: dd2a43437337: "lightnvm: pblk: sched. metadata on write thread"
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Due to user writes being decoupled from media writes because of the need
of an intermediate write buffer, irrecoverable media write errors lead
to pblk stalling; user writes fill up the buffer and end up in an
infinite retry loop.
In order to let user writes fail gracefully, it is necessary for pblk to
keep track of its own internal state and prevent further writes from
being placed into the write buffer.
This patch implements a state machine to keep track of internal errors
and, in case of failure, fail further user writes in an standard way.
Depending on the type of error, pblk will do its best to persist
buffered writes (which are already acknowledged) and close down on a
graceful manner. This way, data might be recovered by re-instantiating
pblk. Such state machine paves out the way for a state-based FTL log.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Make constants to define sizes for internal mempools and workqueues. In
this process, adjust the values to be more meaningful given the internal
constrains of the FTL. In order to do this for workqueues, separate the
current auxiliary workqueue into two dedicated workqueues to manage
lines being closed and bad blocks.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Decouple bad block discovery from line allocation logic. This allows to
return meaningful error codes in case of bad block discovery failure.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
smeta size will always be suitable for a kmalloc allocation. Simplify
the code and leave the vmalloc fallback only for emeta, where the pblk
configuration has an impact.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
After refactoring the metadata path, the backpointer controlling
synced I/Os in a line becomes unnecessary; metadata is scheduled
on the write thread, thus we know when the end of the line is reached
and act on it directly.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
At the moment, line metadata is persisted on a separate work queue, that
is kicked each time that a line is closed. The assumption when designing
this was that freeing the write thread from creating a new write request
was better than the potential impact of writes colliding on the media
(user I/O and metadata I/O). Experimentation has proven that this
assumption is wrong; collision can cause up to 25% of bandwidth and
introduce long tail latencies on the write thread, which potentially
cause user write threads to spend more time spinning to get a free entry
on the write buffer.
This patch moves the metadata logic to the write thread. When a line is
closed, remaining metadata is written in memory and is placed on a
metadata queue. The write thread then takes the metadata corresponding
to the previous line, creates the write request and schedules it to
minimize collisions on the media. Using this approach, we see that we
can saturate the media's bandwidth, which helps reducing both write
latencies and the spinning time for user writer threads.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Read requests allocate some extra memory to store its per I/O context.
Instead of requiring yet another memory pool for other type of requests,
generalize this context allocation (and change naming accordingly).
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Erase I/Os are scheduled with the following goals in mind: (i) minimize
LUNs collisions with write I/Os, and (ii) even out the price of erasing
on every write, instead of putting all the burden on when garbage
collection runs. This works well on the current design, but is specific
to the default mapping algorithm.
This patch generalizes the erase path so that other mapping algorithms
can select an arbitrary line to be erased instead. It also gets rid of
the erase semaphore since it creates jittering for user writes.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Allow to configure the number of maximum sectors per write command
through sysfs. This makes it easier to tune write command sizes for
different controller configurations.
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Add a new debug counter to measure cache hits on the read path
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
pblk_submit_read() uses bio_clone_bioset() but doesn't change the
io_vec, so bio_clone_fast() is a better choice.
It also uses fs_bio_set which is intended for filesystems. Using it
in a device driver can deadlock.
So allocate a new bioset, and and use bio_clone_fast().
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Tested-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
blk_queue_split() is always called with the last arg being q->bio_split,
where 'q' is the first arg.
Also blk_queue_split() sometimes uses the passed-in 'bs' and sometimes uses
q->bio_split.
This is inconsistent and unnecessary. Remove the last arg and always use
q->bio_split inside blk_queue_split()
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Credit-to: Javier González <jg@lightnvm.io> (Noticed that lightnvm was missed)
Reviewed-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Tested-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
'blks' is malloced in pblk_bb_discovery() and should be freed
before leaving from the nvm_get_tgt_bb_tbl() error handling cases,
otherwise it will cause memory leak. Also skip assign blks to
rlun->bb_list when error.
Fixes: a4bd217b43 ("lightnvm: physical block device (pblk) target")
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
When block erases fail, these blocks are marked bad. The number of valid
blocks in the line was not updated, which could cause an infinite loop
on the erase path.
Fix this atomic counter and, in order to avoid taking an irq lock on the
interrupt context, make the erase counters atomic too.
Also, in the case that a significant number of blocks become bad in a
line, the result is the double shared metadata buffer (emeta) to stop
the pipeline until all metadata is flushed to the media. Increase the
number of metadata lines from 2 to 4 to avoid this case.
Fixes: a4bd217b43 "lightnvm: physical block device (pblk) target"
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Reviewed-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
There were a bunch of places in pblk_lines_init() where we didn't set an
error code. And in pblk_writer_init() we accidentally return 1 instead
of a correct error code, which would result in a Oops later.
Fixes: 11a5d6fdf919 ("lightnvm: physical block device (pblk) target")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
This patch introduces pblk, a host-side translation layer for
Open-Channel SSDs to expose them like block devices. The translation
layer allows data placement decisions, and I/O scheduling to be
managed by the host, enabling users to optimize the SSD for their
specific workloads.
An open-channel SSD has a set of LUNs (parallel units) and a
collection of blocks. Each block can be read in any order, but
writes must be sequential. Writes may also fail, and if a block
requires it, must also be reset before new writes can be
applied.
To manage the constraints, pblk maintains a logical to
physical address (L2P) table, write cache, garbage
collection logic, recovery scheme, and logic to rate-limit
user I/Os versus garbage collection I/Os.
The L2P table is fully-associative and manages sectors at a
4KB granularity. Pblk stores the L2P table in two places, in
the out-of-band area of the media and on the last page of a
line. In the cause of a power failure, pblk will perform a
scan to recover the L2P table.
The user data is organized into lines. A line is data
striped across blocks and LUNs. The lines enable the host to
reduce the amount of metadata to maintain besides the user
data and makes it easier to implement RAID or erasure coding
in the future.
pblk implements multi-tenant support and can be instantiated
multiple times on the same drive. Each instance owns a
portion of the SSD - both regarding I/O bandwidth and
capacity - providing I/O isolation for each case.
Finally, pblk also exposes a sysfs interface that allows
user-space to peek into the internals of pblk. The interface
is available at /dev/block/*/pblk/ where * is the block
device name exposed.
This work also contains contributions from:
Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Simon A. F. Lund <slund@cnexlabs.com>
Young Tack Jin <youngtack.jin@gmail.com>
Huaicheng Li <huaicheng@cs.uchicago.edu>
Signed-off-by: Javier González <javier@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjørling <matias@cnexlabs.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
